Get To Know the Railway Cowcatcher

Cowcatcher is a device that attaches to the front of the train in order to eliminate the obstacles out of line. Was created in 1838 by engineer United Kingdom Charles Babbage, the device is now used mainly in North America, because modern European rail system tend to be fenced and less vulnerable to the danger of foreign bodies in the rail industry. In locomotive cowcatcher, more commonly referred to as pilot.

Cowcatcher usually shallow, wedge V-shaped, and designed to deflect objects from Rails with a fairly high speeds without interfering with the smooth motion of the train. The form serves to lifting any object on the rail and push to the side, out of the line of the locomotive behind him.

The first model built from a series of cowcatcher metal rod on a frame or chassis, but sheet metal and cast steel models are becoming more popular because it is able to work more smoothly.

When the steam-powered locomotives became more common, often fitted with cowcatcher coupler drop. The front coupler is a device used to connect train cars each other, formed as the hinges to get out of the way to prevent catching on barriers.

Other models that are more used to be a pilot is the pilot of the footboard, featuring step-by-step railway workers could stand and catch a ride. In 1960, the pilots were banned and replaced with a more secure platform at the front and the rear of the locomotive.

Currently, people in the railway industry frowns on the term "Cowcatcher", but the pilot is still in use. A pilot is currently much smaller role than his predecessor. Since the front cabin has a diesel locomotive which carries the crew, the Pilot must be built to prevent struck objects from the cabin and out of line. A separate feature known as the anti climber is usually mounted on the top to protect the pilot's cabin.

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The Ban on the Use of Petrol War

Buy a petrol war today are rare since the progressive prohibition of the United States and other countries. Types of gasoline were gasoline or gasoline-like liquid known in other parts of the world, containing elements of chemical additives in the form of tetraethyl lead. Widely adapted for use in the 1920s, which helped during the development of the higher compression engine and increase the octane.

Buy a petrol war today are rare since the progressive prohibition of the United States and other countries. Types of gasoline were gasoline or gasoline-like liquid known in other parts of the world, containing elements of chemical additives in the form of tetraethyl lead. Widely adapted for use in the 1920s, which helped during the development of the higher compression engine and increase the octane.

Petrol is usually consumed as a fuel in internal combustion engines, making the environment very compressed. To increase the level of octane, a hydrocarbon mixed with benzene or added iso-octane. It is a hydrocarbon-containing fuel is ultimately emitted as greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The additive is required, to reduce carbon buildup in the internal machine, raise the level of combustion, and more easily facilitates the ignition of the engine in cold weather.


It used that before the addition of lead gasoline tend to be pre-ignite or explode, causing a loud noise which is called machine-knocking, which can damage the machine. Petrol containing tetraethyl lead changes that State. Not only withstand higher compression environment, they're also lubricate the inside of the engine valves and valve seats, protect from erosion.


Doubts about the war starts from gasoline expert on health and the environment. Apparently, gasoline is at odds with the many catalytic converters installed in vehicles on the road. Catalytic converter is a device used to reduce the toxicity of emissions of the car. However, this is not effective in the presence of lead because of chemical changes that result from their interaction. The environmental protection agency acted quickly to regulate the amount of exhaust gas, and led to public rejection of the use of this type of petrol.


In addition, health experts declared that the consumption of major products, including petrol war, correlates with the amount of lead found in the human blood stream. This can cause lead poisoning, a condition that primarily causes damage to nerves, digestive disorders and cognitive impairment in children.


The movement in the petrol component now has replaced the lead compound with other appropriate substitution. Additives now used among other aromatic Hydrocarbon, ether, and ethanol alcohol and methanol. As a substitute the lubricating properties of lead, automotive shops now sell lead substitute products to achieve the same effect.


Because of the Clean Air Act was implemented on January 1, 1996, the sale of fuel war has been banned for vehicles on-the-road in the United States, with the possession or use of is subject to high fines. Other countries have followed this example. Petrol war to other uses, among others, car racing, marine engines and agricultural equipment, start prohibited in 2008.

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Off-road, an Exciting Hobby of Enjoying Nature

Enjoy nature with off-road driving is an extraordinary experience. Adrenaline rush flows in your body when you are faced with a track of mud, water and rocks. Enjoy nature in a way is very fun off-road. As long as everything was done properly and by the rules, then the off-road can be a fun hobby but stay safe.

In Indonesia itself a myriad of services that offer off-road trips are already provided with the track Pack and his car. However, for those of you who would like to become a true off roader that crossed the tracks-new track, there are some tips to be aware of include:

1. Bring a friend.

This is very important especially for the novice off roader. Passing through various obstacles may be difficult when suddenly the car stuck in the mud or need help as it passes through the steep climbs are super. Hand in hand with at least two cars or more. Better yet do a busy-busy convoy to make it more exciting.

2. Set the Pressure of the wind.

When traversing the path of muddy or sandy or a street filled with large stones, wind pressure on a ban should be reduced. Reduction of wind pressure can increase the contact area of the tire touches the road surface so that the bigger grip and traction are obtained. However, in the way Sandy reduce wind 3-4 psi of tire but not to less than 4 psi to give extra traction is needed.

3. The proper repair Equipment as well as adequate.
You will need supplies such as mines and a strong hook. The hook must be strong enough to withstand the pull of a towing mine to suit his car.

4. Check depth when crossing a puddle
Check the depth of the puddle before passing through it. When checking the depth of the water, understand well the type of land located under standing water. If the soil is deep and muddy, or filled with a hollow stone? Puddles may have arbitrary parts of the shallow and deep. Choose the best path to cross the puddle. While driving through a puddle within, it is important to maintain a slow and steady never, and don't stop in the middle of the road.

5. Note the ground clearance.
If the sound of friction under car while driving through cobbled streets, immediately decide whether it is safe to proceed or better chose a different path. Because, when the streets are too steep, Rocky will damage your vehicle.

6. Always hold the steering wheel with both hands.
While across the cobbled streets, the wheel sometimes hit the basin or stone, which caused the steering wheel to spin. If you do not hold the steering wheel with both hands, then the can-can you will lose control of the vehicle.

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All Kinds of Ship

The ship is any ship or boat designed to travel through the water. This category includes boat, boats, personal watercraft (PWC), canoes, etc. This term is a broad definition, while each type of vessel is a more specific definition of a ship.

For example, is a large ship that is ready to be used at sea, while a small boat intended for use on still waters, oceans, and other water bodies. The boat is also small enough to be loaded on the ship.

The smallest boat category is PWC, which may include jet skis and wave runners, or other types of ship that are intended for use by one person. PWC is usually supported by a machine, not someone sitting in a boat, but such ships will be standing or sitting on top of the PWC.

Local legislation or regional can overcome the proper use and boat private ownership, and safety procedures must be taken when using the PWC. The vest should be used at all times when riding a PWC, and people should be familiar with the proper operation of the boat.

The ship is the largest category of boat, and perhaps one of the widest. Large ships at sea may be encouraged through a variety of ways: some of them are driven by wind with the use of the screen, while others use a propeller-driven machine with different types of blades.

The purpose of this ship can vary significantly as well: there are cargo ships that are designed for long distance haulage, while others are for leisure yachts, military ships, aircraft carriers, battleships, and others.

It may be difficult to distinguish between ships and boats, and in some cases nearly impossible, although in some regions of the world, the law will determine the difference between the two as well as activities that are approved for each type of boat.

The submarine was probably the most difficult boat to be categorized. Because of the small model, originally called boats because of their size, while the larger submarines and nuclear-powered being large enough to be classified as a boat.

A definitive label can vary by country or region, and the existing legislation to regulate the use of the ship. The submarine can float in the water and they could operate despite sinking under the water. The ship is completely enclosed, with all passengers and crew members working in the ship.

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Driving With Safety Driving

These days, who doesn't drive or drive a vehicle? No matter on the basis of the desire as well as the demands of the job, it seems currently driving is a skill that must be possessed by any person whether male or female.

These days, who doesn't drive or drive a vehicle? No matter on the basis of the desire as well as the demands of the job, it seems currently driving is a skill that must be possessed by any person whether male or female.

Some of you surely realize how much an increase in the volume of vehicles from year to year that makes the streets increasingly crowded. It is on one side of good as indicative of an increase in the economy in the community, but on the other hand the increase of the vehicle was followed also with increasing traffic accidents.


The accident was caused by a variety of things ranging from driving with inconsiderate, off guard, sleepy, driving while doing other activities such as calls, sms, apply makeup, watch TV, eat, violate traffic rules, not following safety procedures driving etc. Some violations of the law committed by a person who was under age.


One of the efforts to minimize traffic accidents is by publication of a DRIVER'S LICENSE (driving license). DRIVER'S LICENSE given to someone with the intention of providing a limitation as to age and also to look at the feasibility of either psychological or expertise of a prospective driver. This has been the principle because ideally a driver has the emotional stability so as not to endanger yourself or other users of commercial work.


This is expressed by the Ambassador of Riphath Sungkar as safety driving Indonesia are active in providing direction on how good and safe driving. “The main thing is the presence of granting driving licenses on the basis of age, because at the age of under is less likely to have psychological stability. So safety driving is not just a matter of whether a child could drive or not ", explains Riphath.


Some experts also say that better ways of running a safe driving compared to the aggressive ways, as when measured by the time results are not coincidentally turned out to be too far away. So, it is better to practice the term Java, "alon-alon asal klakon" which means slowly origins survived.

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Get To Know the Boat Monohull

Monohull ship design is typical of most people envision when thinking of the ship. Single-hull boats or one of the stomach called a monohull, while boat with two hulls known as catamarans, and three-hulls known as the trimaran.

Monohull boats or single-hull ship design is probably the most common in use today. Used in each type of ship, small ship design screen until the super tanker and cargo on the open sea, monohull design is a type of ship that tested and very successful.

The advantage of a monohull is that ships can cut through heavy waves with ease. With split through the wave not by walking on the waves, the ship is capable of reaching much more smoothly through the water. Have a single hull which contains cargo allows monohull to distribute the weight where it will deliver the most stable balance when the ship to travel to the destination.

Most of the monohull has been separated by a cargo hold in the hull that could be loaded and closed off the side of the ship by using locking doors.


One of the shortcomings of the monohull design is that it must use ballast for stability. Ballasts can consist of almost all and any that might be in the boat and offset any wind or waves that might try to reverse the boat. The drawback, lies in the fact that unless the ship's ballast consists of products that will float, the ship will sink if it's too much water coming.


Some designs are monohull really has two hulls or bilge. The ship as a tanker carrying a cargo of oil and liquids often has a double hull design. This design consists of hull in hull that enables the cavity between the two hulls. This helps protect the ship from the JAB if about an object, thus preventing the leakage of the dangerous and expensive.


Although it's not stable like a multi-hull design, single hulls are tested in time in relation to design a secure, robust and efficient. Used in racing as well as design monohull yachts, pretty easy to operate and traditional design that is used to train novices to sail.

While some sailors move into multiple-ship hulls to train their skills, most will return to monohull designs and enjoy the sport in its most natural and traditional.

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How about when a flat tire in the middle of the road

Plagued with the problems of car tires on the way it is sometimes annoying. Therefore, do not forget to always bring a ban over "in the car. If at any time you have a flat tire in the middle of the street, the first thing you should do is don't panic. Just follow the steps below.

Immediately turn on the emergency lights and raise the cover of the trunk as a sign to others that you're experiencing constraints. Use the flat side of the tire tool or screwdriver to take the cover of the central part of the wheel rims of the wheels. Use the tool to loosen, but does not lift the province or fifth wheel plate binding to connect to us.


Then, place the beams in the rear wheels on other axles. And put the Jack under the car body or above the bumper. The Jack is in accordance with the instructions of the manual to already high enough to rotate the tires without touching the ground. Open the dial plate and put it in the middle section of the wheel so that the cover is not lost. Lift the tire and place it a bit far.


Then, attach the spare tire on a car. Connect to the car license plate screws by hand. Make sure the side of each nut a taper facing the wheel. Lower the Jack until the tires are strongly hit the ground, but did not hold the car. Use a tool to tighten the dial plate in the pattern of interlocking crosses. If all is toned, lower the Jack to be moved. Put the cover back wheels with alloy wheels on all of them.

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How to Maintain Safety during Driving

In major cities such Jakarta, congestion on the highway, it was commonplace to occur daily. While driving a car in the small towns that are relatively rare crashes are more comfortable than in the big cities. The following are tips for safety and security during the drive, especially when driving in large cities are accustomed to a standstill.

Pray always invoke God's protection every traveler. Check your fuel supply. Fill if you have half a tank, to anticipate if stuck congestion. Also check the water radiator and the accu.

Prepare a dime to get started on a Byway or round way, which there is usually parking and plenty of beggars. Prepare the drinks and small snacks in your vehicle for preparations if stuck in total.


Do not carry the striking items or excessive because the crime would be a target. Don't wear flashy jewelry. Leave a credit card and ATM where not necessary, if you plan on passing places prone.

Do not put the phone seluller, wallets or other valuable objects in a place that is easily visible from outside the vehicle. Specifically for women, prepare a hat and sunglasses to disguise your appearance while driving.


Always listen to the radio broadcast covering the flow of traffic and actual news. If you listen to any news of the riot and congestion on your path, you should find a safe place to wait until things become secure. Do not force to pass through the areas at risk. Don't spread the news source and obscure the truth.


Avoid evening out if not important. If you are using seluller, make sure conditions betray is in good shape and full. Avoid the junction-the junction potential road traffic jam. Always lock the doors and Windows of the vehicle as well. If stuck in a traffic jam, trust in watch around you. If you see suspicious people who approached, experiment with the Horn for attention-seeking drivers or passengers of other vehicles.


Contact a friend who roughly knows the condition of the trails you will skip. Do not stop if it was knocked over by a motorcycle or a suspicious car. Better to go on a journey to find a safe place and crowded. Common pitfalls by people pretending to be hit, but then Rob.

Give the backup a minimum distance of one meter against a vehicle in front of you. If in the circumstance, you can use to jump. If stuck in a traffic jam and there are riots, while there is a mass approaching, immediately leave your vehicle and lock the door or window.

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What about when a tire burst on the streets

If suddenly your vehicle's tires burst on the streets, the most important and you need to remember is don't panic and never stepping on the brake pedal. The brakes will make vehicles swooped and exacerbating the loss of control of the steering wheel. The second your feet completely may not step on the pedal of any kind at the moment. Use both feet to prop up the body to conduct the next maneuver.

The Steering will pull into one direction, but you should be prepared to fight it off and slowly but surely, the playback in the reverse direction until the position of the vehicle straight back, do not correct too much. You may need to concentrate more if you join the passengers panicked and screamed. Let them express his feelings because the lives of you and your passengers entirely in your hands.


Make sure the shoulder of the road in an empty. Navigate vehicle to pull over while giving sign first. Reduce speed by lowering the gear transmission one after the other or let the vehicle rolling up speeds low enough and you can use the back brake safely to stop completely.


Don't forget to turn on the warning lights (hazard warning). So the conclusion or the key here is don't panic, don't Stampede brake pedal, steering wheel or the Steering and opponents to the opposite direction. Better yet if every morning while you heat up the car's engine, you are always given the above keys, so if at any time you experience such incident, such maneuvers can be done well.
    

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Advantages and disadvantages of synthetic leather seats

As an automotive enthusiast, of course You want the vehicle always look neat and new. Not just from going alone, but also the interior of the vehicle must be kept. One support vehicle was car seats or seat motor. For the car, after the vehicle entered the age of 3, a State seat starts will look dull, especially if less his care will be seen torn there here. The best and easiest solution is to replace it with a new seat.

As an automotive enthusiast, of course You want the vehicle always look neat and new. Not just from going alone, but also the interior of the vehicle must be kept. One support vehicle was car seats or seat motor. For the car, after the vehicle entered the age of 3, a State seat starts will look dull, especially if less his care will be seen torn there here. The best and easiest solution is to replace it with a new seat.

Genuine leather upholstery is indeed nice and durable but a high price sometimes makes us a bit heavy for to spend. Another option is on a synthetic leather seats was first introduced in the 2000s and devotees continued to rise until now. The success of this synthetic leather upholstery is inseparable from the quality is good and the prices are quite affordable. But what the hell is actually the advantages and disadvantages of synthetic leather upholstery?


The advantages of synthetic materials, such as:

1. synthetic leather seats Materials cost much cheaper and relatively affordable for any circle. For the manufacture of upholstery leather this spring costs only under US $ 385 SUV. The more the needs of the use of the material then it costs more expensive. The price also depends on the brand, the quality and place an order.

2. Care is easier than real leather.

3. It is not easy because its Dirty does not absorb dust or sweat.

4. In general the variants of color and texture more than with genuine leather. For those of you who want exotic colors, you can choose the right ingredients because synthetic materials not too provides a lot of color. Material like this is easily found on the Lamborghini cars or motorcycles in the city nearest you.

Then some shortage of synthetic leather, among others:

1. In terms of durability is certainly not as good as genuine leather, synthetic materials can only survive about three years.

2. Do not have typical aroma skin that characterizes the interior scent on some premium cars.

3. Keep hot, hot temperatures on the surface last a long time and sometimes interfere with comfort.

4. The Model is more limited, for example if bent so his wrinkles are not as perfect as when using genuine leather.

Using synthetic leather requires a good selection adapted to their use. Although it has some drawbacks, but with a very affordable price you can easily change it back if needed or already getting bored with the old one.

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How to Avoid Accidents on the road

We never know when an accident does come up, so it will be good we always be careful on the road. In the blink of an accident could change our lives as well as others and the fact that 50% of the cause of the accident was the driver.

So when you're behind the wheel, and always on the alert. Do not let you divide the attention to other things, such as receive calls via mobile phone, chat or look the other way. Concentration and focus is an important factor that could prevent us from accidents.


There are a few simple tips that can be applied in daily life to avoid you from accidents on the road, the description, the tips are:


1. Be quiet, full concentration and be vigilant but don't tense up.


2. Give the space around your car; do not be too closely with cars in the vicinity. With a position like this, under certain conditions will be enough space to avoid.


3. Keep a distance with the car in front, at least within the size of a car. The faster the pace of the car then the distance must be increasingly tenuous. This will give the space a sufficient braking, if at any time was forced to brake suddenly.


4. make sure the car is in a condition fit because of minor annoyance on the component will magnify the risk of an accident.


Remember the two second role. That is, make a. The distance a car with two seconds ahead. How to count them quite easily. Look at the car in front of you if it passes through a building, electric poles, bridges or anything that can be used as a reference. Count it as 0 seconds, if 2 seconds later you pass that benchmark means the distance you are safe. If it turns out to be less than 2 seconds, you may need to reduce the pressure of the gas pedal.


Some of the factors that are usually known as a major factor in the cause of the accident, among others, are:

1. Sleepy.
2. Alcohol or drugs.
3. Speeding or inconsiderate.
4. The driver of a ripe old age.
5. Distraction from cell phones, navigation devices, on-board computers.
6. Visibility and lighting conditions, reflections.
7. Something shocking and disturbing the driver's concentration.
8. Avoid the potholes in the road.

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The importance of securing oneself with a Seatbelt

Three seconds for the driver is decisive when tying the seatbelt on her body and finish up to click. That's when the driver puts himself in optimal protection. To get the maximum protection, use the seatbelt as instructed. Here you need to know about the seatbelt or safety belts.

Make sure the seat belt or the seatbelt across the shoulder, protecting the chest and across the lap. Make sure the lock also has worked well. The user is often sloppy and crossed the seatbelt in the stomach or neck. It is thus could be catastrophic in the event of an accident.


Seatbelt has a negative side as well, that it is not safe to use a parent because it can cause injury to the chest. The device is also not safe for women who are pregnant. To reduce the risk that, cutting-edge seatbelt usually also equipped with extras such as potentiometers and force limiters. Unfortunately, to date the seatbelt designed only for adult passengers. The children thus forgotten, though frequent child injury due to a traffic accident. Therefore, in order to provide maximum protection, make sure that the type of seats with weights and measures.


For babies less than 10 kg, use a chair with baby rear-facing position (rear facing instant seat). As for the baby above 10 kg, can use a forward-facing seat. Everything has to be installed in the back seat. Make sure that the seat has been installed correctly on the rear seat backrest. Make sure you've read the manual from the company.


Do not be careless; because few parents improvise installing this seat, it could be a baby will fly out during the clash. To verify, try with shook the town to the left and to the right. And make sure also your baby is completely tied up in the Chair.


Children with weights above 20 kg can already sit in booster car seat. There is no provision for sure until when the child must survive in a particular. But generally revolves around the age above 4 years with weights 20 kg, some are suggesting should be above 5 years. As a guide, if the seat belt that crosses parts of the face or neck and transverse in the stomach, it means you need to reattach his seat. If enforced, this can be dangerous.


Conversely, if the seatbelt was attached as in adults, meaning the child seat has been retired. Never impose the adult seatbelt use child prematurely, because when it's done then isn't the protection obtained is thus but injuries. Never put children in the front seat because it's very dangerous. Let alone if the car is equipped with airbags, because airbags thus will injure children when it explodes.

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How to prevent Accidents on the highway

One of the main causes of vehicle is lust. This occurs when a driver cannot control his anger due to provocations from other drivers. This can occur if a driver doing the things that make other drivers to react excessively. After that, it is certainly imaginable be unpleasant.

How prevention requires the optimal effort. With the techniques of good driving, someone could be spared from the target of the anger of others. In fact, more importantly to control myself not to fall for the uncontrollable anger. The following are some tips to help you enjoy a safe and comfortable trip.


1. Plan your trip

Map a route that will be bypassed and do preparation in ripe so as not to be late arriving at the destination.


2. Driving defensively

Observe the discipline of the highway and other regulations. Remember that driving is a transportation event instead of the competition. So that should be the main priority is to get to your destination safely.


3. Give the sign

Be sure to use the headlights seen if will be banked or move lines thus other drivers will understand where the direction of your goals.


4. Don’t follow other vehicles too close

Following another vehicle too closely within tantamount to looking for the disease. Most collisions from behind because the driver of the vehicle too closely trailed was in front of him.


5. Avoid mean

Let the aggressive driver is far ahead of your high taste. Avoid heart, do not deter aggressive driver behind you or the person who was fond of overtaking with speed up or slow down your vehicle.


6. Don’t keep your emotions

Don't let a bad mood control you feel. Anger is not good, but regret then meaningless.


7. Keep your light beam and reduce the use of the Horn.

You have to be sensitive when using beam for a vehicle from the front as well as vehicles in front of you. Please make sure that they do not feel the glare due to the lights you. If the traffic was a bit crowded, we recommend that you do not use the lights much except only in times of urgency. Besides, reduce as well the use of the Horn.


8. Avoid eye contact with aggressive drivers

Do not give the code a hand or finger which can be considered insulting to the people who could harm you. If you own that get insults like that, just to be Stoic and don't retaliate.


9. Keep calm

Because prevention is essential in improving the safety and comfort of passengers, then is essentially the right attitude and keep calm. Start making good choices and enjoy a safer journey.  

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